Diabetic ketoacidosis adalah pdf

An update of its etiology, pathogenesis and management ebenezer a. If the patient is unable to eat, it is preferable to continue the intravenous insulin infusion and fluid replacement. This case report aimed to determine the type 1 diabetes mellitus in a child is accompanied by diabetic ketoacidosis. Ketoasidosis diabetik gejala, penyebab dan mengobati. Dka can occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and, although preventable, it remains a frequent and lifethreatening complication. Semua gangguan gangguan metabolik yang ditemukan pada dka diabetic ketoacidosis adalah tergolong konsekuensi langsung atau tidak langsung dari kekurangan insulin. Ispad 2009, mcgeoch 2007, savage 2006, bsped 2004, kitabchi 2009. Diabetes mellitus adalah pdf diabetic nephropathy pathophysiology diagram can a diabetic eat popcorn with butter can diabetics drink stag beer can diabetics donate. Diabetic ketoacidosis remains a significant complication of diabetes in both the united states and worldwide with its associated high rates of hospital admissions. Due to its increasing incidence and economic impact related to the treatment and associated morbidity, effective management and prevention is key.

Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a common complication of diabetes with an annual occurrence rate of 46 to 50 per 10 000 diabetic patients. Ketoasidosis diabetik k ada dalah keadaan dekompensasi metabolik yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia, asidosis dan ketosis, terutama disebabkan oleh defisiensi insulin absolut atau relatif. Dec 22, 2012 diabetic ketoacidosis dka remains a significant complication of diabetes in both the united states and around the world. Sebagai pengganti glukosa, tubuh menggunakan lemak. Mortalitas terutama berhubungan dengan terjadinya edema serebri menyebabkan 5787% dari seluruh kematian karena kad. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults age 16 years. Mortality in dka patients in developed countries is less than 5%, some other. Definisi ketoasidosis diabetik definiton diabetic ketoacidosis. Ketoasidosis diabetik adalah sebuah komplikasi diabetes mematikan yang disebabkan oleh tingginya produksi asam darah tubuh yang disebut keton. Diabetic ketoacidosis american academy of pediatrics. This is the first reported live case with such high values of blood glucose and a.

Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a complication of diabetes mellitus which has a high risk of mortality. Causes of hyponatraemia include sodium depletion, pseudohyponatraemia, and extracellular hypertonicity. Joint british diabetes societies inpatient care group the management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults second edition update. Beberapa obat yang mempengaruhi metabolisme karbohidrat juga dapat menyebabkan kad atau khh, diantaranya adalah.

Kejadian kad ketoasidosis diabetik ini sering terjadi pada usia dewasa dan lansia dengan dm tipe 1. Jul 05, 2019 the case reported is a 12 year old girl, with main complaints of 9 kg body weight loss since three 3 years ago. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka 2 of 3 what tests will my child have. Meskipun demikian pada kenyataannya banyak kasus dka yang tidak. Ketoasidosis diabetik adalah komplikasi diabetes yang serius. Whatyoushouldknow diabeticketoacidosis dka isacommon,serious,andpreventablecomplicationoftype1diabetes,withamortalityof3. Pendahuluan ketoasidosis diabetik k ad adalah komplikasi. Guidelines for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. While ketosis refers to any elevation of blood ketones, ketoacidosis is a specific pathologic condition that results in changes in blood ph and requires medical attention. Ketoasidosis diabetikum wikipedia bahasa indonesia. Sindroma ini mengandung triad yang terdiri dari hiperglikemia, ketosis dan asi demia.

Doc laporan praktik dka 1 analisis pendahuluan azizah. Pdf patofisiologi dan diagnosis penurunan kesadaran pada. Diabetic ketoacidosis diabetic ketoacidosis dka ketonuria. Ketika kekurangan insulin, tubuh tidak bisa mengolah gula darah glukosa. September 20 this document has been endorsed by the intensive care society. Rating is available when the video has been rented. Definisi ketoasidosis diabetik adalah komplikasi yang potensial yang dapat mengancam nyawa pada pasien yang menderita diabetes i terjadi terutama pada mereka dengan dm tipe 1, tetapi bisa juga mereka yang menderita dm tipe dalam keadaan tertentu. Chapter 5 diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Ketoasidosis diabetik k ad adalah komplikasi akut yang mengancam jiwa seorang penderita diabetes mellitus yang tidak terkontrol. The most common causes of dka are infection and poor compliance with medication regimens. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka critical care guideline two bag system inclusion criteria definition of dka. Pe8 diabetic ketoacidosis university of washington.

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemi c hyperosmolar state. Although many risk factors of both diabetic ketoacidosis and its treatment have been identified during the last 70 years, the causes and pathogenesis of this lifethreatening complication have not. Diabetic ketoacidosis can occur in persons of all ages, with 14 percent of cases occurring in persons older than 70 years, 23 percent in persons 51 to 70 years of age, 27 percent in persons 30 to. Apr 20, 2012 faktor faktor pemicu yang paling umum dalam perkembangan diabetic ketoacidosis dka adalah infeksi, infark miokardial, trauma, ataupun kehilangan insulin. We present a case of diabetic ketoacidosis, known as one of the most serious metabolic complications of diabetes. An unusual case of hyponatraemia in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Diabetic ketoacidosis introduction diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a very serious complication of diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased body ketone concentrations. Standards of medical care in diabetes2019 abridged for. Laporan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah penyandang dm sebanyak 23 kali lipat pada tahun 2035. Ketoasidosis diabetik k ad a dalah keadaan dekompensasi metabolik yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia, asidosis dan ketosis, terutama disebabkan oleh defisiensi insulin absolut atau relatif. In the last decade, however, there has been a change in the way patients with dka present clinically and in addition there has been rapid development of nearpatient testing. Penyakit medis lainnya yang dapat mencetuskan ketoasidosis diabetik adalah penyalahgunaan alkohol, trauma, emboli pulmonal dan infark miokard. Developments in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis in.

The absolute insulin deficiency found in dmt1, is caused by a defect in thepancreatic. Sebuah studi di swedia menemukan bahwa prevalensi dka pada tangan adalah 2,7 kasus dari populasi. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is the metabolic consequence of absolute insulin deficiency, or its ineffectiveness in the presence of counterregulatory hormones cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon, etc during stressful situations such as major illnesses or surgery. Blood glucose bg 200 mgdl acidosis bicarbonate dka is a complication of diabetes mellitus which has a high risk of mortality.

Diabetic ketoacidosis dka critical care guideline two. Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. Ketoasidosis diabetik adalah penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada anak penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 1 dmt1. This report outlines a case of diabetic ketoacidosis associated hyponatraemia in an 18 year old woman with type 1 diabetes who presented to the accident and emergency department and was quickly admitted to the intensive treatment unit. Therefore, it becomes vital that the healthcare professional be able to manage the hyperglycemic crises. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a potentially lifethreatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Some people try to induce ketosis with a low carb diet, but this may lead to high acid levels and. Ketoacidosis is a metabolic state caused by uncontrolled production of ketone bodies that cause a metabolic acidosis. Pendekatan diagnostik dan tatalaksana ketoasidosis diabetikum. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka critical care guideline two bag. Kitabchi division of endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism, university of tennessee health science center, 920 madison ave. Angka kematian akibat kad di amerika serikat adalah %. Your child will have some or all of these tests to find out if they have dka and what triggered it. Acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults this protocol is for the acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients 16 years and over.

Whatyoushouldknow diabeticketoacidosis dkaisacommon,serious,andpreventablecomplicationoftype1diabetes,withamortalityof35%. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Ketoasidosis diabetik muncul jika anda tidak menghasilkan insulin yang cukup untuk menyerap glukosa sumber energi utama ke dalam selsel tubuh. Who memprediksi kenaikan jumlah penyandang dm di indonesia dari 8,4 juta pada tahun 2000 menjadi sekitar 21,3 juta pada tahun 2030. Diabetic ketoacidosis diabetes type i management summary. Dka usually occurs as a consequence of absolute or relative insulin deficiency that is accompanied by an increase in counterregulatory hormones ie, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine. If a patient has elevated bgl and ketones but is not acidotic they need to be closely monitored and agressively managed to prevent progression to dka. A persons breath may develop a specific fruity smell. Type 1 diabetes mellitus dmt1 is an autoimmune disease characterized by impaired carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolismresulting in insulin deficiency either absolute or relative. Levin, md, faap, fccm, facc c erebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis cedka has been identi. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka care guidelines critical care individual rates of bag 1 and bag 2 are dependent on glucose level with goal of maintaining glucose of 150300. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a state of absolute or relative insulin deficiency aggravated by ensuing hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a state of uncontrolled diabetes and it is characterized by hyperglycemia, a high anion gap acidosis, and the presence of ketonemia and ketonuria ketone bodies in the blood and urine. Kondisi ini terjadi apabila tubuh anda menghasilkan terlalu banyak asam darah yang disebut keton.

Feb 22, 2019 definisi ketoasidosis diabetik kad adalah adanya kadar gula darah 250 mgdl, adanya keton didalam darah ketonemia, dan darah bersifat asam karena peningkatan bend aketon dan penurunan jumlah bikarbonat asidosis ph jan 24, 2020 ketosis is a metabolic process in which the body burns stored fat for energy, instead of glucose. Diabetic ketoacidosis is typically characterized by hyperglycemia over 300 mgdl, low bicarbonate level diabetic ketoacidosis in adults by bmj talk medicine published on 20151030t14. Feb 26, 2019 diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a dangerous condition characterized by a severe rise in blood sugar or hyperglycemia, depleted bodily fluids, shock, and in some cases unconsciousness. Whatyoushouldknow diabeticketoacidosis dka isacommon,serious,andpreventablecomplicationoftype1diabetes,withamortalityof35%. Jun 30, 2014 diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a rare yet potentially fatal hyperglycemic crisis that can occur in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. These are done to check your childs level of blood sugar, blood acid, potassium, sodium and other electrolytes minerals that help. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a complex disordered metabolic state characterised by hyperglycaemia, acidosis, and ketonaemia. Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by a serum glucose level greater than 250 mg per dl, a ph less than 7. Keadaan ini didukung dari hasil jurnal sebelumnya bahwa infeksi yang paling sering diketemukan adalah pneumonia dan infeksi saluran kemih yang mencakup antara 30% sampai 50% kasus. Sedangkan sebuah studi di belanda, menemukan bahwa prevalensi dka adalah 12 kasus dari populasi.